Reflections on the supervision and standardization

Abstract In this paper, the construction industry in China since the implementation of the supervision system to the current situation and difficulties faced, explore the various reasons, and from the practice of supervision of construction work on the standardization of China put forward their own views.

1 Supervision of the present situation and the environment faced by

Supervision of construction projects undertaken in nearly ten years, due to the construction industry for many years entrenched ways of thinking and practice, making the implementation of supervision in accordance with international practice, the system is not perfect. Supervision of the conduct in this area has been stagnant deep, also resulted in the development of China's construction market is not standardized, unhealthy. Supervision of the present situation and problems due to environment, mainly in the following areas:

(1) most of the current construction projects are not the whole process of supervision, but only limited supervision of the construction phase of the project.

(2) in the supervision system, the three elements of "quality, investment and progress," control, the actual work is only to stay in quality control, and investment, the progress of the majority is a form of control, many still remain in the talk by the project owner count of the stage, did not reflect the impartiality of the Commissioner.

(3) in the supervision system implementation process, supervision of construction projects should have the necessary authority. Dan in China can not fully exercise their supervisory powers of supervision in accordance with criteria for issuing the important directives (Ru suspension order, resumption of work order, etc.) Since the parties failed to implement Zhixing Ganrao last.

(4) construction projects, due to conservative ideas, some owners can not straighten their position on the supervisory responsibilities under the contract does not actively perform, such as: do not pay the supervision fee under the contract on time, can not provide office space for the supervision and work facilities.

(5) As the construction market, increasing competition, the supervision and project supervision units to obtain competing to keep the prices down, causing the market cycle. Management remuneration is low, affecting the work of supervision engineer's enthusiasm and sense of responsibility.

2 Analysis

2.1 The project owner has not changed the old concept of form drag on the supervision system to promote

Engineering Project Management System in accordance with international practice, project owners, contractors, construction supervision units form a mainstay of the market, they are each equal trimers, there is no affiliation between each other, nor is the relationship between employment and be employed. However, due to the current competitive construction market, demand exceeds supply, and the bidding system is not perfect, the owners seem, his supervision units and contractors are hired, and should listen to his command. Therefore, the supervision will often be the owners of interference and obstruction. In our previous supervisory experience in a project once it two things: a construction unit in the pouring of concrete, the surface structure with local anesthesia occurred, supervisors, after careful observation, that Ma face is partial, superficial, do not need special treatment.

Can make up for the course of follow-up of plaster, while the on-site owners on behalf of the lack of engineering experience, too much emphasis on project quality, the need to rework deal with, and unauthorized construction units work to make rectification order, both the delay time, increased construction unit costs unnecessarily. Another thing is the construction unit in the reinforced concrete construction process, there is no implementation of the process inspection system, reinforced by the supervisors did not verify the check and acceptance, but also did not get the concrete poured to make the case to unauthorized pouring of concrete, supervisors discovered , immediately issued a stop work order and request construction unit rework, but the owners to drive progress, strongly disagree supervisors views, resulting in orders can not be implemented. The opposite surface, these two things, but in fact the owners are not properly position itself, ultra vires the command, so that supervision can not be normal. Although some owners to control their investments to the supervising engineer, but it is only a superficial, when the progress of the project supervising engineer visa section of the certificate, the owner does not pay on time and quantity, resulting in supervising engineer on the project investment can not be effective control, also makes the schedule control has become empty talk. This is the "Three control" into "one control" of the main reasons.

2.2 Supervision needs to further improve the formulation of laws and regulations

Supervising engineer services for the owners, and owners have the authority and the commission before engaging in supervision. Thus, supervisors can easily be subject to the owners. When owners and contractors in the project implementation disputes, supervising engineer shall be subject to third-party standing in the position of Commissioner of the Code, the fair treatment of both disputes. In China, the current "standard of construction supervision of the commission contract terms," it does not confer the power of supervision engineer should therefore be able to manage this very difficult. For example, the "standard of construction supervision commission contract terms" Article 16 (2) provides: Release Management Engineer start order, suspension order, return to work order by the owner's consent to. This limits the independence of the work supervision engineer, will not be able to deal justly with the owners and contractors of the dispute. In the real work, will often see this phenomenon: As the work of upholding the principles of supervision engineers, and sometimes there was a deadlock on the make supervision; or just listen to the owners of the supervising engineer, and also allows supervision to lose impartiality.

2.3 Supervision Unit their own problems

Supervisors their quality is not high. As the current market standard in supervision, and supervision of low remuneration, supervision can not attract high-quality technical expertise, personnel engaged in supervision. Therefore, the supervisors presented the organizational structure of polarization: one is from the construction, design units are older retired from the engineering and technical personnel. These people have a certain theoretical and practical experience, but lack practical experience in project supervision. The other part is just and colleges allocated to the graduates. That some people experience worse. Some supervisors discipline loose, or even use work will take, take, to greatly damaged the reputation of the profession supervision. Although the nominal supervision units have a number of levels of qualification certificate and business license, but not their regular employees, do not possess the qualifications in supervision. Made task on a few people on the provisional Minato, mission was over, staff on the dissolution, not to mention conduct standardized supervision.

3 on the standard supervision Suggestions

3.1 The project owner to change the old ideas, and project owners to conduct the necessary constraints and norms

(1) The Government should be representatives of the owner or owners induction training. Analysis from the front, we can see the behavior of the owners is the impact of supervision carried out important factors. Supervision can be carried out smoothly, the key is whether there is a good quality of the owners. This is mainly because the owner holds a lot of construction activity in the decision-making power, but no corresponding rules and regulations binding. Supervisory personnel engaged in supervision, to have the certificate of supervision engineer positions, and the owners of the site owners or representatives of accredited project management do not need any certificate. They may not understand the procedures and working methods of supervision, technical expertise or do not know, but can use their power, subjectivity. The solution is to allow owners to learn the relevant state policies and regulations, learn the professional technical knowledge, and obtain the corresponding positions certificate to apply for construction permits and other relevant written procedures.

(2) to strengthen government enforcement inspection and supervision. Projects in accordance with international practice management system, the administrative department of the government building to the owners, contractors and supervision units and supervision of construction activities. But in fact, carry out the work in this area is relatively weak, causing some owners of irregularities or unreasonable demands in limbo, unable to correct the situation. Therefore, we should strengthen the government departments of law enforcement inspection and supervision and management, there is need for criticism and education through administrative penalties and other means, stipulating that the owners of 涓?irregularities.

3.2 to further modify and improve the supervision and regulations

The current supervision, the supervising engineer is difficult to play a role in contract management, mainly due to the existing legislation does not empower the Commissioner of supervision engineer should have power.鍥藉鐨勩?FIDIC 鍦熸湪宸ョ▼鏂藉伐鍚堝悓鏉′欢銆嬬殑绐佸嚭鐗圭偣鏄紝鍦ㄤ紬澶氭潯娆惧唴灏嗙鐞嗙殑鏉冨姏璧嬩簣浜嗙洃鐞嗗伐绋嬪笀銆傛瘮濡傦紝鍦ㄨ繘搴︽帶鍒舵柟闈紝鐩戠悊宸ョ▼甯堝彂甯冪殑寮?伐浠ゃ?鍋滃伐浠ゃ?澶嶅伐浠や笉闇?缁忚繃涓氫富鐨勫悓鎰忋?

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銆??3.3 鍩瑰吇涓?壒楂樼礌璐ㄧ殑宸ョ▼寤鸿鐩戠悊浜烘墠

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Internal control: harm than good, or at every step

In the Shanghai National Accounting Institute in the years of internal control of the Dr. Song Deliang supervision of an enterprise is divided into three levels, the industry regulator, the main body of the SFC and other relevant departments; Second, corporate governance, mainly for listed companies, As the shareholders are very dispersed, and only the establishment of general meeting of shareholders, board of directors for the company shareholders delegate decision-making, the Board commissioned the management company to manage, delegate one level down, and finally formed a management command and Board of Directors, shareholders of the reverse command situation, it is prone to problems. Third, the management company within the institutional arrangements, such as separate accounting and cashier, marketing departments and audit departments separately and so on, this is what we call internal control. Song Deliang that many people regard the internal controls and corporate governance confused, in fact, most of the problems listed there are aspects of corporate governance issues, rather than internal control.

Small property rights, many of which are family-owned business in the internal control has some advantages, Song Deliang that its internal controls to achieve three goals, one in the course of business to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, and second, to to ensure the reliability of financial reporting. Third, to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of business operations can be achieved. Is to ensure that no problems result, the past, many enterprises have been stressed this point, timid, it ignores the efficiency, in fact the two are not contradictory, to be no problem, ensure the effectiveness of the same time, both high-efficiency, which SMEs is a higher goal.

But that SME Song Deliang highest goal of internal control is to ensure the strategic management of science update, but for many SMEs, are still unable to achieve this goal. Song Deliang was on a well-known beverage company did research, the company is from a family business gradually bigger and stronger. In the beginning and got a lot of business management, also has a very strong team, we are all striving to fight for the enterprise. But the company strong, the whole enterprise is mired in inertia, but seek only to enterprises employing situation --- the lack of update mechanism, people outside the family into the management have been excluded; purchasing mechanism for the lack of investigation, the blind trust for many years cooperation of suppliers and so on followed. The company now recognizes these problems, are trying transformation strategy.

"Profit-oriented SMEs biggest problem facing the internal control." Songde Liang said too much emphasis on small and medium business expansion at the expense of control of the business, in these enterprises, the most authoritative departments are often the marketing department, and This should be monitoring and control of the department's financial and internal audit department had to serve. Song Deliang that this practice is tantamount to quenching thirst with poison, "a management science and business, the three departments should be checks and balances." Although the short term, expansion of light weight indeed can provide a gain control, but over time, will affect the company's image, not conducive to long-term development.

He suggested that the internal control for the first SMEs to achieve three objectives, from corporate control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and supervision of the five elements of an assessment of the business. Then based on the assessment results, targeted to strengthen internal control, so we can deal with, play good results.







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Bitter start, the result Of joy

I am a third category

Across from the city to go in, I do not know how many people's dream to become a neon blink of an eye? However, I believe, is not easy to stop as long as the vision of reality will eventually surrender ... ...

One time chatting with a friend, accidentally mention that they have resigned. A friend on the phone over there immediately fixing authorities merely to ask, are you mad? You have done in the unit and hard about the treatment is also very good, where to find such a good job?

I do not have to explain to him more, do not expect to be supported ... ... Anyway, this is their thing.

Graduated from university, I found a job, to live a leisurely life. However, the novelty is over, I can not find a job in the fun and passion, can not find worthy of nostalgia for development. It only makes me feel tired. Is life too short sometimes only two days, one day is born, the day of death, which obscure the long trip, just to prove the existence of time. I was young, life should be like the surging of the magma!

Remember that time at the dinner table, I tell my colleagues that have nothing to do with their land in the unit cost of life, such as to sweep the street does not sweep too clean, people looked comfortable, she also did some practical things; staff immediately scoffed, Xie Nizhao eyes looking at me: "Then you go to sweep the street, ah, that would be so glorious, and thus earn less than we!" I quickly put that glass, Oh said, a bite to drink! Colleagues in this unit for three years, unwittingly used to and dependent on the state of this life, all day to look forward to the day of paychecks.

In my eyes, and her job is simply divided into such human categories: the first group is the canary, value treatment, as long as there is delicious good living, the loss of what he can endure; the second category are Collie, value outsiders (my colleagues and leaders, especially the latter) the degree of attention to him, as long as attention, he would remain faithful; The third category is the wild, not farmed for quiet, he likes the thrill of the wind-Benz, like the way in distance vision, like some kind of Road unknown sense of accomplishment. Of course, does not rule out the fourth category of people, can the first three features are combined, but that very few people. I considered the third category of people, right?

Is really drunk, why with the canary of wild horses live? Hot wine importers, but their hearts are sad and dreary. I fear that I stay, will be drained away Mustang's long mane, running hard hooves, become weak and numb.

Then just another thing happened: colleagues outside the department, suddenly quit well-paid work, went to a very poor rural Guangxi, with one of his German friends, stay there when the primary obligation of teachers. I heard there is very backward, very remote, and even cell phone signals are not, the Internet to 15 kilometers away! Unit was talking about, we think that's incredible. I understand why he did not understand, because we have been accustomed to content with life, the ideal has gradually faded. I have also become increasingly clear that they need to fear. Treatment unit does well, the leadership also has high regard, but not what I want the most. Dissipated when the passion, I can only resolutely choose to vote with their feet - than to leave.

After the resignation of a long period of time (in fact, not long, and today the whole month), I did not find suitable work, every day loitering. Living with my friend and asked: to regret, right? I did not regret it, you let me go back now, I do not want, hate cautiously, and apathy of the day.

The worst situation in life is often not poverty, nor is it bad luck, but the spirit and mind in a state of asleep. When everything moved over you can not move you, when attracted you can not appeal to you all, and even anger all over your anger you can not, then you need to start again to find another place to inspire your passion place.

U.S. "Happiness" magazine, in "for the answer column" in the subject, published through this one: If you re-select, what do you do? A military dignitaries want to go to the countryside to open a grocery store; a woman minister is going to run a small seaside hotel; a mayor's desire is diverted when the photographer. Several businessmen answer the most bizarre: a woman want to be enchanting, one would like to become a dog. During the general population are also answers to the President wants to do, want to diplomats, wants baker, and everything ... ... more than good, regardless of the abilities of the ideal, ideals, that is, happy people.

Across from the city to go in, I do not know how many people's dream to become a neon blink of an eye? However, they do not stop looking forward, I believe that reality will eventually surrender to the dream ... ...






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